Neuromuscular Therapy (NMT) Final Exam

4/4/23

1. __ was developed in the 1930s and 1940s by Stanly Leif in England

Neuromuscular Therapy p575

2. Neuromuscular lesions are usually hypersensitive to __ and are often associated with trigger points.

pressure p576

3. Which law states that weak stimuli activate physiologic processes, whereas strong stimuli inhibit them?

Arndt-Schultz Law p577

4. __ is the primary technique of NMT that generally uses the thumb to move across, along, and through the tissues

Gliding p577

5. When performing ischemic compression, changes in the tissue should be perceived within __.

8-12 sec p577

6. A __ trigger point has all the same characteristics of an active TP except the person's familiarity with the pattern of pain referral.

latent myofascial p580

7. A __ TP forms as a direct result of the dysfunction of the primary myofascial TP.

satellite p580

8. According to the TP endplate theory, strain, overuse, or trauma causes the nerve endplate at the neuromuscular junction to release __ which initiates the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH).

calcium p584

9. (Omitted)

I don't know why you still clicked this; the question is GONE.

10. __ palpation is employed in areas where the muscle tissue can be picked up between the thumb and the fingers of the same hand.

Pincer p585

11. __ involves digital pressure directly into a trigger point.

Ischemic pressure p587

12. Finding the release position for a joint involves __ .

passively moving the joint in the same direction of contraction p589

13. In the antagonist-contract technique, each contraction is held for __.

7-10 sec p593

14. __ is a valuable adjustive therapy to use after the constricted, hypertonic muscles have been treated directly by methods such as stretching.

Pulsed Muscle Energy Technique p595

15. __ MET is a manipulation that may be effective in reducing fibrosis and involves a resistance that overpowers a muscle contraction.

Isolytic p596-597

16. Strain-Counterstrain, Ortho-Bionomy and structural muscular balancing are bodywork systems that incorporate __.

Positional Release p598

17. __ is a healing system that involves the correct application of the natural laws of life.

Ortho-Bionomy p599

18. The benefits of position release are __ and a neurological resetting of the proprioceptive mechanisms that maintained the dysfunctional state.

increased local circulation p600

19. Myofascial techniques are intended to __ fascia and release fascial adhesions.

stretch p602

20. __ fibers are the most abundant fibers in most connective tissues.

Collagen p607

21. What cells found in connective tissue secrete histamine and heparin?

Mast cells p607

22. Stimulating __ receptors inhibits sympathetic activity.

Ruffini Type II p610

23. Every muscle cell is surrounded by __ and arranged in parallel with other muscle cells into bundles or fascicles.

endomysium p610

24. __ is the ability of a substance to soften as a result of warmth, pressure or manipulation and to harden in the absence of the same.

Thixotrophy p613

25. Collagen fibers in connective tissue generate __ that is conducted through the connective tissue.

Piezoelectricity p613

26. __ is also known as tissue excursion.

Fascial gliding p612

27. Muscle rolling is a deeper form of __ used in specific areas where the therapist can pick up an entire section of muscle and roll it between the thumb and fingers.

skin rolling p614

28. __ helps reduce adhesions between fascial sheaths while at the same time encouraging the formation of a strong pliable scar tissue at the site of the injury.

Cross fiber friction

29. When used as a myofascial technique, __ is a longitudinal stretch, usually of an extremity, to gently stretch and release fascial restrictions throughout the limb.

traction p621

30. __ is a gentle, hands-on method of evaluating and enhancing the functioning of a physiological body system that includes the meninges.

Craniosacral therapy p626

31. __ refers to various regimens or massage styles that are directed toward the deeper structures of the muscle and fascia.

Deep Tissue Massage p627

32. Define trigger point:

Hyperirritable nodules associated with dysfunctional contractile tissue that elicit pain or other paresthesia when digital pressure is applied. There are several different classifications of trigger points depending on where they are located and whether the person recognizes the patter of pain referral when palpated. p579

33. Describe the two inhibitory reflexes that are incorporated during MET manipulations.

- Post-isometric relaxation: Following an isometric contraction, there is a brief period of relaxation during which impulses to the muscle are inhibited

- Reciprocal inhibition: When a muscle acting on a joint is contracted, the muscle responsible for the opposite action on that joint is inhibited. p591

34. Describe how position release is used in massage:

Involves the passive positioning of the body/ body part in such a way as to reduce the tone in restricted contractile tissue, PR is done by passively moving the body/ body part towards the body's preference and away from the pain, seeking the tissue's preferred position. Positioning is done slowly in such a way as to not cause any increase in pain. Positions are held for a period of time, usually 60-90 sec. p598

35. Compare superficial fascia and deep fascia:

- Superficial fascia is located below the surface of the skin and is continuous over the entire body connecting the skin to the deeper fascia. - Deep fascia surrounds, penetrates and infuses the muscles and includes the tendons that connect the muscle to bones and other tissues, and the ligaments that connect bone to bone. p611

36. Define tensegrity:

Refers to the integrity of structures as being based in a synergy between balanced tension and compression components. The term was coined by Buckminister Fuller. p613

37. Define Piezoelectricity:

The characteristic of certain materials to create and conduct an electrical current under pressure or stress. p613

38. Define Skin Rolling:

Used to access the condition and quality of the superficial fascia and to loosen and release constricted tissue. Skin rolling is performed by picking up the skin and underlying superficial fascia between the thumb and fingers and slowly gathering up more tissue with the fingers as it slips out from under the thumbs. The speed of the stroke is slow and is determined by how quickly the tissue releases as it is drawn up between the fingers and thumbs. p614

39. Define J-stroke:

Applied with one or both thumbs but can also be done with fingertips. It is a friction stroke that moves the superficial layers of tissue over the deeper layers and can be used to elongate contracted muscles or stretch, separate and align constricted fascia. p617

40. What is the craniosacral system and what are its primary components?

A semi-closed hydraulic system composed of the meninges, the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord, and physiological structures that control fluid input and outflow and related bones. p626

41. Define Structural Integration:

Attempts to bring the physical structure of the body into alignment around a central axis. This is done by manipulating the fascia of the structural muscles. After structural integration session, both physical and psychological balance are often experienced by the client. p628

Final practical exam on 4/25/23

Craniosacral Therapy, Carpal Tunnel Stretch, Trigger Point Therapy